North America
Canada ranks 13th overall out of 59 countries in the Relocate Index, with a composite score of 68.7 out of 100. It scores highest on english proficiency (100) and infrastructure (81), and lowest on warmth (43).
How far money stretches in each country — based on price levels, purchasing power parity (PPP), and out-of-pocket healthcare costs. Uses country-level data, not your personal salary.
When you move abroad, your salary or savings buy different amounts depending on local prices. A country can have high wages but high costs, or moderate wages with remarkable purchasing power. This dimension captures what your money actually buys day-to-day, not just what you earn.
purchasing_power = oecd_ppp_normalised × 0.55 + cost_affordability × 0.30 + (100 − oop_burden) × 0.15
Limitation: Country-level only — no city-level granularity until Numbeo added in V2.
How well institutions work and how safe the streets actually feel — combining governance quality with street-level crime perception.
Rule of law captures two things: institutional quality (do courts work, is corruption controlled?) and street-level reality (do people feel safe walking around?). Some countries have great institutions but rough streets; others have modest governance but feel very safe day-to-day. It does not measure everyday etiquette — queuing, littering, noise norms — because no reliable cross-country data for those behaviours exists.
Loose societies are more permissive of individual variation and rule-bending — a cultural preference, not a measure of quality.
Reflects waste infrastructure and enforcement capacity, which correlates strongly with national wealth — not a pure measure of citizen behaviour.
What survey respondents expect would happen to a lost wallet found by a stranger — perceived trust, not a measured return rate.
civic_culture = governance × 0.60 + street_safety × 0.40. governance = wgi_rule_of_law × 0.55 + wgi_corruption_control × 0.45. street_safety = 100 − numbeo_crime_index.
Limitation: Governance data is institutional (WGI). Street safety is crowdsourced perception (Numbeo). Neither captures behavioural civicness (queuing, littering, social norms) directly.
Overall peace and security based on conflict risk, political instability, and societal safety.
Safety shapes everything from where you walk at night to whether you feel comfortable letting your children explore independently. This dimension captures country-level peace and security — conflict risk, political stability, and societal safety — not neighbourhood-level crime.
safety = gpi_normalised (inverted, min-max across 1.0–3.5)
Limitation: Single-source — measures country-level peace/conflict (GPI). Street-level crime perception is captured in Rule of Law via Numbeo.
How welcoming and sociable the culture is — combining cultural permissiveness with expat experience.
Cultural warmth determines how quickly you build a social life. Some cultures are genuinely open to newcomers; others are polite but reserved. This dimension blends academic measures of cultural openness with real expat experiences of settling in.
Cultural values suggest an open, permissive society — but expats report finding it harder to settle in and build connections.
warmth = IVR × 0.40 + internations_score × 0.60. Both sources required — no fallback.
Limitation: InterNations has ~260 respondents per country. Hofstede IVR is static (2010). Countries missing either source show no warmth score. Mismatch flag when abs(IVR − InterNations) > 30.
Academic quality plus student wellbeing — belonging, bullying rates, and school safety.
For families, the school environment is often the deciding factor. This goes beyond test scores to measure whether students feel they belong, whether bullying is common, and whether schools are safe spaces. Academic quality matters, but a child's daily experience matters more.
school_culture = pisa_academic × 0.25 + pisa_belonging × 0.30 + pisa_bullying_inv × 0.30 + pisa_safety × 0.15
Limitation: PISA 2022 is the latest scored edition. PISA 2025 results expected late 2026 or early 2027.
Three-pillar health system score: coverage breadth (UHC), care quality and outcomes (HAQ), and workforce capacity (physicians, beds, nurses). The badge shows what it means for your budget.
The score combines what healthcare services exist (UHC), how good outcomes are (HAQ — amenable mortality across 32 causes), and whether the system has enough doctors, beds, and nurses. The badge tells you what that means financially: public coverage, mandatory insurance, employer-dependent, or budget for private.
Working legally means you're covered. Healthcare is funded through payroll or taxes — no separate budget needed.
healthcare = UHC × 0.35 + HAQ × 0.35 + capacity × 0.30. capacity = physicians_norm × 0.40 + beds_norm × 0.35 + nurses_norm × 0.25.
Limitation: HAQ is from GBD 2019 — next update pending. Capacity data is OECD 2022 for member countries, WHO GHO for others.
Quality of physical and digital infrastructure — transport, energy, communications, technology.
Reliable transport, stable electricity, fast internet, and modern communications infrastructure affect daily life in ways you stop noticing — until they break. This dimension captures the physical and digital backbone that makes a country function smoothly.
infrastructure = imd_infra_score (direct pass-through, already 0–100)
Limitation: IMD uses 300+ indicators per country. Well-validated but only covers ~60 countries.
Temperature, sunshine, and rainfall scored against your preferred weather type. Select your preference during onboarding or adjust in the ranking view.
Climate is personal — there is no objectively best weather. Your preference for warmth, seasons, rainfall, and sunshine drives this score. Unlike other dimensions, climate varies dramatically within large countries; for large countries you can select a specific city — the default is the largest city by population.
Climate varies significantly across Canada. Use the city selector at the top of the page to update this score.
climate = 100 − (|avg_temp − ref| × penalty) − rain_penalty − sunshine_penalty. Reference temp and thresholds vary by weather type.
Limitation: For 8 large countries, city-level data is available. For all others, a single representative city is used. Heuristic scoring, not a climate model.
Government restrictions and social hostility toward religious practice.
For people of faith, the ability to practise openly without government restrictions or social hostility is fundamental. This dimension measures both state-level restrictions (laws, regulations) and social-level hostility (harassment, discrimination by neighbours or communities).
religious_freedom = (100 − pew_govt_normalised) × 0.50 + (100 − pew_social_normalised) × 0.50
Limitation: Expert-assessed, not survey-based. Captures state/social level, not neighbourhood level.
Population-level English ability. English-native countries are scored at 10.
For non-native English speakers relocating abroad, the population's English ability determines how easily you can navigate daily life, work, and social connections without learning the local language. A high score means English gets you far; a low score means significant language investment.
english_proficiency = ef_epi_normalised (min-max across 300–700). Native countries hardcoded to 100.
Limitation: EF EPI tests self-selected online test-takers, which skews slightly upward.
Canada ranks 33rd out of 59 countries for purchasing power, scoring 46 out of 100. OECD purchasing power parity: 64219.3 (very high). Price level ratio vs US: 0.91 (average). Out-of-pocket health spending: 14.2% of total health expenditure (well protected).
Sources: OECD PPP (AIC) (2023), Price Level Ratio (2023), WHO Out-of-Pocket % (2023)
Canada ranks 24th out of 60 countries for rule of law, scoring 71 out of 100. WGI Rule of Law percentile: 81.7 (very strong). WGI Corruption Control: 80.8 (very strong control). Numbeo Crime Index: 45.6 (moderate).
Sources: WGI Rule of Law (2023), WGI Corruption Control (2023), Numbeo Crime Index (2026)
Canada ranks 15th out of 60 countries for safety, scoring 80 out of 100. Global Peace Index: 1.491 (very peaceful).
Sources: GPI Score (2023)
Canada ranks 21st out of 42 countries for warmth, scoring 43 out of 100. Hofstede Indulgence vs Restraint: 68 (indulgent). InterNations Ease of Settling In rank: 39 (moderate).
Sources: Hofstede IVR (2010), InterNations Ease Rank (2023), Gallup MAI (2018)
Canada ranks 4th out of 57 countries for school culture, scoring 67 out of 100. PISA 2022 academic scores: reading 507 (above average), maths 497 (above average). Student belonging index: 0.28 (high belonging). Bullying exposure index: 0.14 (above average).
Sources: PISA Reading (2022), PISA Maths (2022), PISA Science (2022), PISA Belonging Index (2022), PISA Bullying Index (2022), PISA Safety Index (2022)
Canada ranks 15th out of 59 countries for healthcare, scoring 75 out of 100. WHO UHC coverage: 91 (excellent). HAQ Index: 90.7 (excellent). Physicians: 2.7 per 1,000 (moderate). Hospital beds: 2.5 per 1,000 (moderate). Working legally means you're covered. Healthcare is funded through payroll or taxes — no separate budget needed.
Sources: WHO UHC Coverage (2023), HAQ Index (GBD 2019) (2019), Physicians per 1,000 (2022), Hospital beds per 1,000 (2022), Nurses per 1,000 (2022)
Canada ranks 6th out of 59 countries for infrastructure, scoring 81 out of 100. IMD Infrastructure Score: 81.4 (world-class).
Sources: IMD Infrastructure Score (2023)
Canada has average annual temperature 6.5 °C, 2080 sunshine hours per year, 155 rain days per year. Summers average 21.2 °C; winters average -10.2 °C.
Sources: Open-Meteo ERA5 (2023)
Canada ranks 28th out of 60 countries for religious freedom, scoring 73 out of 100. Government restrictions on religion: 2.1 out of 10 (moderate). Social hostilities toward religion: 3.3 out of 10 (moderate).
Sources: Pew Govt Restrictions (2023), Pew Social Hostilities (2023)
Canada is a native English-speaking country, scored at 100.
Canada ranks 13th out of 59 countries in the Relocate Index with a composite score of 68.7 out of 100. It scores highest on english proficiency (100) and lowest on warmth (43). The index covers 10 dimensions scored on data from OECD, World Bank, WHO, and other institutional sources.
Canada scores 80 out of 100 for safety in the Relocate Index, ranking 15th out of 60 countries. Its Global Peace Index score is 1.491, rated "very peaceful". Source: Institute for Economics and Peace, Global Peace Index.
Canada scores 75 out of 100 for healthcare, ranking 15th out of 59 countries. WHO Universal Health Coverage index: 91 (excellent). Working legally means you're covered. Healthcare is funded through payroll or taxes — no separate budget needed. Sources: WHO, IHME Global Burden of Disease, OECD Health Statistics.
Canada scores 46 out of 100 for purchasing power, ranking 33rd out of 59 countries. Its price level ratio relative to the US is 0.91 (average). Source: OECD, World Bank.
Canada scores 43 out of 100 for warmth (ease of settling in), ranking 21st out of 42 countries. Hofstede Indulgence vs Restraint score: 68 (indulgent). InterNations Ease of Settling In rank: 39 (moderate). Sources: Hofstede Insights, InterNations Expat Insider.
Canada has an average annual temperature of 6.5 °C, summers averaging 21.2 °C and winters -10.2 °C, 2080 sunshine hours per year, 155 rain days per year. Climate data from Open-Meteo ERA5 reanalysis.
Canada scores 67 out of 100 for school culture, ranking 4th out of 57 countries. PISA 2022 scores: reading 507, maths 497. Student belonging index: 0.28 (high belonging). Source: OECD PISA 2022.
Canada is a native English-speaking country and is scored at 100 out of 100 for English proficiency.
Relocate Index